Anti-NPAS2 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for WB, IF/ICC, ELISA - Q99743

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: NPAS2 Function and Localization

• NPAS2 (Neuronal PAS domain-containing protein 2), also known as MOP4, bHLHe9, or PASD4, is a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS transcription factor that forms a core component of the circadian clock. It functions as a transcriptional activator in the positive limb of the molecular clock feedback loop.
• The protein heterodimerizes with BMAL1 (or BMAL2) and binds to E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') in promoters of clock-controlled genes, driving rhythmic transcription of core clock repressors (PER1/2/3, CRY1/2) and downstream targets involved in metabolism, sleep, and other physiological processes.
• NPAS2 plays a critical role in maintaining circadian behaviors under normal light/dark and feeding conditions, and in the synchronization of feeding behavior with scheduled food availability. It also contributes to sleep homeostasis and the regulation of anxiety-like behaviors via diurnal modulation of GABARA1 receptor expression in the brain.
• Beyond the central clock, NPAS2 regulates gene transcription in peripheral tissues such as the liver, controlling key metabolic pathways. It is also involved in DNA damage response by regulating cell cycle and DNA repair genes.
• The NPAS2-BMAL1 heterodimer participates in a secondary feedback loop by activating nuclear receptors NR1D1/2 and RORA/B/G, which in turn repress and activate BMAL1 transcription, respectively, contributing to circadian robustness.
• Subcellularly, NPAS2 localizes to the nucleus, consistent with its role as a transcription factor. It contains heme-binding PAS domains, and heme binding may influence its activity.
• Post-translational modifications and protein interactions are key to determining circadian periodicity, and disruptions in NPAS2-mediated rhythms are implicated in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes, and aging.
• The protein is ubiquitously expressed, with prominent roles in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain (the central clock) and in peripheral oscillators.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen for this rabbit polyclonal antibody corresponds to a sequence within amino acids 45 – 240 of human NPAS2 (NP_002509.2), a region encompassing part of the N-terminal bHLH domain and the first PAS domain. This design may confer reactivity to native and denatured forms.
• For Western blotting, a band around 92 kDa is expected. Consider using reducing conditions and standard SDS-PAGE protocols. Since NPAS2 undergoes circadian cycling, sample collection time should be strictly controlled to capture optimal expression.
• When performing immunofluorescence/immunocytochemistry, NPAS2 typically shows nuclear localization. Fixation and permeabilization methods should be optimized for nuclear targets, and co-staining with a nuclear marker can confirm specificity.
• In ELISA applications, validate the antibody in the relevant sample system and include appropriate controls to assess background. Polyclonal antibodies may exhibit batch-to-batch variability, so consistent lot tracking is recommended.
• Cross-reactivity with mouse and rat NPAS2 is reported; however, sequence alignment of the immunogen region is advised to estimate reactivity in other species. For each new species or application, empirical validation is essential.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio supports diagnostic manufacturers, core labs, and research institutes with a comprehensive supply of IVD raw materials. For circadian biology and transcription factor research, we provide this NPAS2 rabbit polyclonal antibody alongside validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies, and bulk ancillary reagents. Our sourcing services also cover rare-target raw material procurement, enabling streamlined access from concept to clinic.