Anti-Human CD94 Monoclonal Antibody for FC - Q13241

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: CD94 Function and Localization

• CD94 (KLRD1) is a C-type lectin-like transmembrane receptor and a key component of the heterodimeric CD94/NKG2 receptors on cytotoxic lymphocytes. It is expressed as multiple isoforms via alternative splicing and contains disulfide bonds and N-glycosylation sites.
• As part of the KLRD1-KLRC1 (CD94/NKG2A) inhibitory receptor, CD94 recognizes the non-classical MHC class Ib molecule HLA-E presenting self-peptides, enabling NK cells and CD8+ T cells to monitor MHC class I expression and maintain self-tolerance (PubMed:10023772, PubMed:12387742, PubMed:18064301, PubMed:18083576, PubMed:9430220, PubMed:9485206). This interaction transmits inhibitory signals through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs) on KLRC1, recruiting phosphatases INPP5D/SHIP-1 and INPPL1/SHIP-2 to antagonize activating signals (PubMed:12165520, PubMed:9485206). In the tumor microenvironment, this pathway acts as an immune checkpoint and can drive NK and T cell exhaustion (PubMed:30503213, PubMed:30860984). Related references: PMID:10023772, PMID:12387742, PMID:18064301, PMID:18083576, PMID:9430220, PMID:9485206, PMID:12165520, PMID:30503213, PMID:30860984
• CD94 also pairs with KLRC2 (NKG2C) to form an activating receptor that recognizes HLA-E presenting peptides from HLA-G or viral proteins, promoting adaptive NK cell responses and playing a role in maternal-fetal tolerance (PubMed:15940674, PubMed:9655483, PubMed:30134159, PubMed:9754572). Signaling is mediated through the adaptor TYROBP/DAP12 (PubMed:15940674, PubMed:9655483). Related references: PMID:15940674, PMID:9655483, PMID:30134159, PMID:9754572
• CD94 is localized to the cell membrane.
• Tissue expression is predominantly on NK cell subsets and subsets of CD8+ αβ and γδ T cells, with differential expression of KLRD1-KLRC1 and KLRD1-KLRC2 complexes (PubMed:21825173, PubMed:9430220, PubMed:9485206, PubMed:12387742, PubMed:20952657). Related references: PMID:21825173, PMID:9430220, PMID:9485206, PMID:12387742, PMID:20952657
• Viruses such as human cytomegalovirus, HIV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 exploit the CD94/HLA-E pathway to evade immune clearance. SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce NK cell exhaustion through CD94 recognition of HLA-E loaded with viral peptides, dampening antiviral immunity (PubMed:32859121). Related references: PMID:32859121

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• This antibody is validated for flow cytometry; ensure optimal titration and use of appropriate isotype controls for your specific cell type and experimental conditions.
• The immunogen corresponds to the extracellular region (aa 32–179) of human CD94, suggesting the antibody recognizes an epitope accessible on live, non-permeabilized cells.
• For multi-parameter flow cytometry, consider co-staining with anti-KLRC1 or anti-KLRC2 to differentiate CD94/NKG2A from CD94/NKG2C complexes, and include a lineage panel (CD3, CD56, CD8) to identify NK and T cell subsets.
• Verify target expression in relevant primary cells (e.g., PBMC-derived NK cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes) or CD94-transfected cell lines.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio is a trusted partner for IVD manufacturers and research institutes, offering a comprehensive portfolio of raw materials and technical support. This anti-human CD94 monoclonal antibody supports the development of immuno-oncology and infectious disease diagnostic assays, with custom conjugation, bulk supply, and matched antibody pairs available upon request. Leverage CamelBio’s one-stop sourcing to accelerate your diagnostic pipeline from concept to clinic, with reliable access to rare and validated immunological reagents.