Anti-HLA-DR Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody for WB, IF/ICC, ELISA - P01903

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: HLA-DR Function and Localization

• The HLA-DRA gene encodes the alpha chain of the HLA class II histocompatibility antigen DR, which pairs with the beta chain (HLA-DRB) to form the functional MHC class II molecule on antigen-presenting cells.
• The MHCII complex presents extracellular antigenic peptides (typically 10-30 amino acids) to CD4-positive T cells, guiding T-helper effector functions that drive antibody-mediated immunity and macrophage activation.
  Related references:
  PMID:15265931, PMID:15322540, PMID:17334368
• In the tumor microenvironment, HLA-DR presents peptides derived from phagocytosed apoptotic tumor cells or macropinocytosed secreted tumor proteins, linking it to cancer immune surveillance.
  Related references:
  PMID:31495665
• HLA-DR also presents peptides from autolysosomes after macroautophagy, a process critical for thymic T-cell selection and central immune tolerance.
  Related references:
  PMID:17182262, PMID:23783831
• The immunodominant epitope selection by MHCII follows two distinct processing pathways: "bind first, cut/trim later" for pathogen-derived peptides and "cut first, bind later" for self-peptides.
  Related references:
  PMID:25413013
• A large hydrophobic anchor residue at peptide position 1 is essential for high-affinity interaction with the MHCII binding groove.
  Related references:
  PMID:8145819
• Subcellularly, HLA-DR resides on the cell membrane, but also traffics through the endoplasmic reticulum and endosomal/lysosomal compartments, including early and late endosomes, lysosomes, and autolysosomes.
• It is predominantly expressed in professional antigen-presenting cells—macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells—as well as in thymic epithelial cells, where it mediates T-cell education.
  Related references:
  PMID:15322540, PMID:23783831, PMID:31495665
• Key structural features include a signal peptide, a single transmembrane helix, disulfide bonds, and N-linked glycosylation; it is also subject to ubiquitination.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The recombinant immunogen spans amino acids 26–126 of human HLA-DRA, covering the N-terminal extracellular domain; this region is less polymorphic than the beta chain and may confer broad reactivity against HLA-DR alleles, but validation in the target cell system is recommended.
• For western blotting, a band at approximately 29 kDa is expected under reducing conditions; consider using human APC-derived cell lines (e.g., Raji, THP-1 differentiated) or tissues with high MHCII expression as positive controls.
• In immunofluorescence/ICC, fixation and permeabilization protocols should be optimized as the target is membrane-localized and may also be detected in intracellular compartments (endosomes/lysosomes). Co-staining with a membrane marker is advisable.
• For ELISA, the antibody may be suitable as a capture or detection reagent for soluble HLA-DR or peptide–MHC complexes; assay conditions should be titrated to establish linearity and specificity.
• Note that cross-reactivity is reported for human only; cross-reactivity with other species is not guaranteed. When adapting to non-human primate samples, sequence homology should be verified.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio provides diagnostic manufacturers and research laboratories with a streamlined one-stop sourcing solution for IVD raw materials, technical services, and consulting from concept to clinic. Our recombinant anti-HLA-DR rabbit monoclonal antibody is a high-performance tool for MHC class II-related immunology and immuno-oncology assay development. In addition to specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, we offer validated antibody pairs, stable ancillary reagents, and customized rare-target raw-material procurement—backed by robust supply chains to support your assay continuity and scale-up needs.