Anti-HLA-DQA1 Monoclonal Antibody for WB, IHC-P, ELISA - P01909

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: HLA-DQA1 Function and Localization

• HLA-DQA1 encodes the alpha chain of the HLA-DQ (MHC class II) molecule, a heterodimer composed of alpha (DQA1) and beta (DQB1) subunits found on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and certain epithelial cells.
• As a classical MHC class II molecule, the DQ heterodimer presents exogenous peptide antigens (10–30 residues) that have been internalized via the endocytic pathway to CD4+ helper T cells, thus playing a central role in adaptive immunity.
• In the endoplasmic reticulum, the DQA1/DQB1 heterodimer assembles with the invariant chain (CD74) trimer, forming a nonameric complex that is transported to endosomes and lysosomes where CD74 is sequentially degraded, leaving the CLIP fragment that is exchanged for antigenic peptides facilitated by HLA-DM.
• HLA-DQA1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a typical type I membrane topology, containing an extracellular peptide-binding domain, an immunoglobulin-like domain, a single-pass transmembrane helix, and a short cytoplasmic tail.
• Subcellularly, the protein traffics through the ER membrane, Golgi, trans-Golgi network, endosomal/lysosomal membranes, and ultimately resides on the plasma membrane, reflecting its dynamic role in antigen processing and presentation.
• Keywords from UniProt (P01909) highlight its essential involvement in adaptive immunity, MHC II complex formation, and note post-translational modifications including disulfide bond formation and N-linked glycosylation, which are critical for its structure and function.
• Polymorphisms in HLA-DQA1, alone or in combination with HLA-DQB1, are strongly associated with celiac disease (hence the alias CELIAC1) and other autoimmune disorders, underscoring its clinical relevance.
• Besides professional APCs, MHC class II molecules are expressed constitutively on gastrointestinal epithelial cells, contributing to local immune surveillance, a distinctive feature noted in the GI tract.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• This monoclonal antibody was raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to an internal sequence (aa 155-254) of human HLA-DQA1, suggesting recognition of a linear epitope likely exposed under denaturing conditions, which supports its use in WB.
• For WB, consider running whole-cell lysates or membrane-enriched fractions from human, mouse, or rat immune cells (e.g., Raji B cells, dendritic cells) under reducing conditions; a band near 28 kDa is expected for the glycosylated alpha chain.
• In IHC-P, antigen retrieval may optimize staining; test on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human tonsil, spleen, or intestinal tissue, as well as mouse/rat lymphoid organs, and validate with appropriate negative controls.
• ELISA applications may require optimization of coating buffer and detection system; consider using the antibody in a sandwich ELISA format with a matched detection antibody if available.
• Given the cross-reactivity with mouse and rat, this antibody can be employed in translational models of autoimmunity, transplantation, or infectious disease, but always confirm specificity in the desired experimental system.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio enables diagnostic manufacturers and research laboratories to efficiently source validated IVD raw materials for immunology and histocompatibility research. Our portfolio includes a range of optimized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies targeting MHC class II molecules, along with ancillary reagents and customized bulk supply solutions. Whether you require ready-to-use antibody pairs, rare target reagents, or technical consultation, CamelBio bridges your concept-to-clinic needs with reliable B2B support.