Anti-Histidine-rich Glycoprotein (HRG) Polyclonal Antibody for WB, ELISA - P04196

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: Histidine-rich Glycoprotein Function and Localization

• Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG), also known as histidine-proline-rich glycoprotein (HPRG), is a plasma glycoprotein encoded by the HRG gene in humans.
• It functions as an adapter protein binding various ligands including heme, heparin, plasminogen, thrombospondin, and divalent metal ions, thereby regulating processes such as immune complex clearance, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, coagulation, and fibrinolysis.
• HRG facilitates the clearance of necrotic cells by enhancing their phagocytosis through a heparan sulfate-dependent pathway, a process modulated by heparin and zinc ions.
• In angiogenesis, HRG modulates endothelial cell behavior by blocking the antiangiogenic effects of thrombospondins (THBS1/THBS2) via CD6 and by regulating VEGF signaling, affecting focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation and cell motility.
• Within the immune system, HRG binds to immunoglobulins (IgG subclasses) with varying affinities, inhibiting the formation of insoluble immune complexes and aiding their clearance; it also interacts with T-cells, altering cell morphology.
• In cancer biology, HRG plays a dual role in tumor angiogenesis and immune surveillance, normalizing tumor vasculature and polarizing tumor-associated macrophages to promote anti-tumor immunity.
• Subcellularly, HRG is secreted and found in plasma; it is expressed in the liver, macrophages, and malignant cells.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to the N-terminal region (aa 20–260) of human HRG, which contains histidine-rich domains. For Western blotting, consider using human liver tissue lysate or plasma/serum as positive controls, as HRG is abundantly secreted.
• For ELISA applications, recombinant HRG protein or HRG-spiked samples may serve as standards; validate the assay specificity with appropriate negative controls.
• Although cross-reactivity with mouse and rat is indicated, verify sequence homology in the immunogen region and confirm reactivity in your target species and sample type.
• Since HRG is a heparin-binding protein, the presence of heparin in samples may affect antibody binding; consider this when designing immunoassays.
• Optimize primary antibody dilution for your specific experimental setup; typical starting dilutions for polyclonal antibodies in WB range from 1:500 to 1:2000, but empirical testing is recommended.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio provides diagnostic manufacturers, labs, and research institutes with comprehensive access to IVD raw materials, technical services, and consulting, supporting projects from concept to clinic. For researchers developing assays targeting HRG and its roles in coagulation, angiogenesis, or cancer diagnostics, we offer validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies, and bulk ancillary reagents. Our sourcing expertise also extends to rare targets, ensuring you receive the critical raw materials needed for your diagnostic workflows.