Anti-EIF2AK1 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for WB and ELISA - Q9BQI3

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: EIF2AK1 Function and Localization

• EIF2AK1 (also known as HRI or HCR) is a metabolic-stress sensing serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eIF-2 (EIF2S1) in response to heme deficiency, oxidative stress, osmotic shock, mitochondrial dysfunction, and heat shock. Related references: PMID:32132706 PMID:32132707 PMID:37327776
• It functions as a central activator of the integrated stress response (ISR), leading to global suppression of cap-dependent translation while promoting the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcription factor ATF4. Related references: PMID:32132706 PMID:32132707 PMID:37327776
• HRI acts as a heme sensor: in the presence of heme, hemin binding inhibits its kinase activity; heme depletion relieves this inhibition, enabling the shutdown of protein synthesis during acute heme deficiency.
• In red blood cells (RBCs), HRI coordinates heme and globin synthesis, playing an essential protective role for RBC survival in iron deficiency anemia.
• Iron deficiency triggers EIF2AK1 activation via full-length DELE1, linking iron homeostasis to the integrated stress response. Related references: PMID:37327776
• Under mitochondrial stress, the processed form of DELE1 (S-DELE1) binds and activates HRI, which in turn phosphorylates eIF-2-alpha to promote ATF4-mediated gene expression reprogramming. Related references: PMID:32132706 PMID:32132707
• Additionally, HRI drives PRKN-independent mitophagy in response to mitochondrial damage by catalyzing eIF-2-alpha phosphorylation, which facilitates its mitochondrial localization. Related references: PMID:38340717

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• For Western blotting, a band at approximately 71 kDa is expected; consider using whole-cell lysates from human or mouse cell lines.
• Stress induction (e.g., heme depletion, oxidative stress) may be necessary to detect EIF2AK1 activation and downstream eIF-2-alpha phosphorylation.
• The immunogen (aa 371–630) lies within the kinase domain; to confirm antibody specificity, inclusion of appropriate knockout or knockdown controls is recommended.
• For ELISA applications, the antibody can be utilized in direct or indirect ELISA formats; the recombinant immunogen may serve as a useful positive control.

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