Anti-CD28 Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody for WB, FC, ELISA - P10747

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: CD28 Function and Localization

• Protein Identity: CD28, also known as Tp44, is a T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein and member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, encoded by the CD28 gene.
• Costimulatory Receptor Function: CD28 is essential for T-cell activation, proliferation, survival, and immune homeostasis (PubMed:1650475, PubMed:7568038). Related references: PMID:1650475, PMID:7568038
• Unique Signal Transduction: Beyond amplifying TCR signals, CD28 delivers unique signals that reprogram the gene expression landscape of T-cells (PubMed:24665965). Related references: PMID:24665965
• Ligand-Induced Cytokine Production: Engagement by CD80 or CD86 drives robust IL-2 expression and proliferation in both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets (PubMed:12196291, PubMed:1650475, PubMed:35397202). Related references: PMID:12196291, PMID:1650475, PMID:35397202
• NF-κB Activation Mechanism: Ligand binding recruits PRKCQ and GRB2, triggering NF-κB activation via PI3K/Akt-dependent and -independent pathways (PubMed:21964608, PubMed:24665965, PubMed:7568038). Related references: PMID:21964608, PMID:24665965, PMID:7568038
• Synergy with CD40L: In combination with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L costimulation, CD28 enhances IL-4 and IL-10 production (PubMed:8617933). Related references: PMID:8617933
• Subcellular Localization and Tissue Specificity: Constitutively expressed on the cell surface and membrane of T-cells and plasma cells; absent from immature B-cells.
• Post-Translational Modifications: A glycosylated and phosphorylated protein with a single-pass transmembrane domain, an extracellular Ig-like domain, and disulfide bonds; subject to alternative splicing.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to full-length human CD28 (P10747), suggesting the antibody likely recognizes native, conformation-dependent epitopes. For denaturing applications like Western blot, consider using reducing conditions to fully resolve the ~25 kDa band.
• Given cell surface expression, flow cytometry on live, unfixed T-cells may yield optimal staining; a viability dye exclusion is advisable.
• Cross-reactivity with mouse and rat ensures suitability for translational models, but validation in the relevant species and sample system is strongly recommended.
• For ELISA, recombinant CD28 or cell lysate coating may be used; performing a checkerboard titration to determine optimal amounts is recommended.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio supports diagnostic developers and researchers with a comprehensive portfolio of IVD raw materials including validated antibody pairs, optimized monoclonal antibodies like this CD28 rabbit mAb, and bulk ancillary reagents. Focused on T-cell immunology and immunotherapy targets, we streamline procurement across the entire development pipeline—from concept to clinic. Whether you need rare specificity antibody sourcing or large-volume production, CamelBio acts as your technical and supply partner to accelerate assay development and commercialization.