Anti-beta 2 Microglobulin Polyclonal Antibody for WB, IHC-P, ELISA - P61769

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: beta 2 Microglobulin Function and Localization

• Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) is the light chain of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC I), essential for presenting peptide antigens to CD8+ T cells, thereby playing a critical role in adaptive immunity.
• It is a secreted protein also found on the cell surface non-covalently associated with the heavy chain of MHC I; its folding and assembly are key for stable MHC I expression.
• Exogenous Mycobacterium tuberculosis EsxA protein binds B2M and reduces its export to the cell surface, potentially impairing class I antigen presentation (PubMed:25356553).
  Related references: PMID:25356553
• Structurally, B2M contains an immunoglobulin-like domain and is stabilized by an intramolecular disulfide bond (Cys25-Cys80). It is a glycoprotein that undergoes post-translational modifications including glycation and N-terminal pyroglutamate formation.
• Mutations in B2M are linked to familial hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia and amyloidosis, where it can form fibrillar deposits in tissues, notably in dialysis-related amyloidosis.
• Despite its small size (~13.7 kDa theoretical), beta-2-microglobulin runs at approximately 14 kDa on SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to the mature secreted form (amino acids 21-119), excluding the signal peptide; the antibody may recognize both reduced and non-reduced B2M, but for consistent results, validate under denaturing and reducing conditions (e.g., heating at 95°C with DTT) to disrupt disulfide bonds.
• For Western blot, load 10–30 µg of total cell lysate or concentrated serum, and use a positive control such as lymphocyte-rich tissue (spleen, lymph node) or cell lines expressing MHC I.
• In immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (IHC-P) sections, perform antigen retrieval with citrate buffer (pH 6.0) or EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) and consider a titration experiment to optimize staining intensity.
• The antibody cross-reacts with mouse and rat B2M, making it suitable for rodent models; verify sequence homology and test relevant tissue lysates to confirm species reactivity.
• For ELISA, it can be used as a capture or detection antibody; pairing with another clone recognizing a different epitope may improve sensitivity in sandwich assays. Optimize coating buffers and dilution factors.
• Due to B2M secretion, cell-free samples can be analyzed; for low-abundance targets, enrichment by immunoprecipitation or concentration may be required.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio provides diagnostic manufacturers, research laboratories, and academic institutions with streamlined access to premium IVD raw materials. For projects focused on MHC class I biology, immune surveillance, or amyloid-related diseases, our portfolio includes validated anti-beta 2 microglobulin antibodies, recombinant proteins, and compatible secondary reagents. Whether you require bulk quantities of this polyclonal antibody or specialized technical support, our team is ready to help you accelerate your assay development from concept to clinic.