Anti-ATG12 Polyclonal Antibody for WB, IF/ICC, ELISA - O94817

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: ATG12 Function and Localization

• Ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 (also known as APG12-like) is a key component of the autophagy pathway, essential for autophagosome formation.
• ATG12 conjugates with ATG5 through a ubiquitin-like system involving ATG7 (E1-like) and ATG10 (E2-like). The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate then acts as an E3-like enzyme, promoting lipidation of ATG8 family proteins and their membrane association.
• The ATG12-ATG5 complex, together with ATG16L1, is required for the recruitment of LRRK2 to stressed lysosomes and the induction of LRRK2 kinase activity in response to lysosomal stress (By similarity).
• Subcellularly, ATG12 localizes to the cytoplasm and the preautophagosomal structure membrane, consistent with its role in early autophagy steps.
• ATG12 is ubiquitously expressed across human tissues, reflecting its fundamental role in cellular homeostasis.
• Post-translational modifications include acetylation and the formation of an isopeptide bond with ATG5. Alternative splicing produces multiple isoforms, and a 3D structure has been resolved (Proteomics identification; Reference proteome; Ubl conjugation pathway).
• In viral infection, ATG12 acts as a proviral factor: the ATG5-ATG12 conjugate negatively regulates the innate antiviral immune response by impairing type I IFN production upon VSV infection; it is also required for translation of incoming HCV RNA and initiation of replication, though not for established infection. Related references: PMID:17709747 PMID:19666601

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen is a synthetic peptide from the N-terminal region (aa 1–100) of human ATG12. Consider verifying epitope accessibility in your sample type; standard antigen retrieval may not be needed for WB.
• In Western blotting, expect a band at ~15 kDa for monomeric ATG12. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate may appear at higher molecular weight under non-reducing conditions; include appropriate controls to distinguish forms.
• For immunofluorescence/ICC, the expected staining pattern is cytoplasmic and punctate (preautophagosomal structures). Co-staining with autophagy markers (e.g., LC3) can help confirm specificity.
• This polyclonal antibody cross-reacts with mouse and rat ATG12, making it suitable for cross-species studies. Always validate in the relevant species background.
• As with all polyclonal antibodies, lot-to-lot variability is possible. Include positive and negative controls in every experiment and consider titration for optimal signal-to-noise ratio.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio provides diagnostic manufacturers, labs, and research institutes with streamlined access to IVD raw materials, including validated antibodies for autophagy and host-pathogen interaction research. Beyond this ATG12 polyclonal antibody, we supply optimized monoclonal/polyclonal antibodies, antibody pairs, bulk ancillary reagents, and can assist with sourcing rare-target raw materials—supporting your workflow from concept to clinic.