Anti-Apolipoprotein D (APOD) Polyclonal Antibody for IHC-P and ELISA - P05090

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: Apolipoprotein D Function and Localization

• Apolipoprotein D (APOD) is a 21 kDa secreted glycoprotein belonging to the lipocalin family, first identified in human plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL).
• APOD participates in a macromolecular complex with lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and is likely involved in the transport and binding of bilin.
• The protein can transport a variety of hydrophobic ligands in different physiological contexts, suggesting roles in lipid metabolism and neuroprotection.
• APOD is predominantly secreted and is expressed in multiple tissues, including liver, intestine, pancreas, kidney, placenta, adrenal glands, spleen, fetal brain, and tears.
• Structurally, APOD contains conserved disulfide bonds and a pyrrolidone carboxylic acid modification, which contribute to its stability and function.
• Post-translational modifications include glycosylation, and the mature protein lacks the signal peptide, with a calculated molecular weight of approximately 21 kDa.
• As a reference proteome member, APOD has been extensively characterized by 3D-structure determination and direct protein sequencing, facilitating biomarker and diagnostic research.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to amino acids 21–189 of the mature human APOD, covering the majority of the ligand-binding domain; this design may favor detection of both native and partially denatured conformations.
• For immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), consider antigen retrieval protocols suitable for secreted proteins; a mild citrate buffer (pH 6.0) and moderate heating may enhance epitope exposure in paraffin-embedded sections.
• In ELISA applications, pairing this polyclonal antibody with a monoclonal capture antibody could improve assay specificity; optimize coating and blocking conditions using the recombinant protein as a reference standard.
• Given the secreted nature of APOD, sample preparation from tissue lysates or biological fluids should include appropriate protease inhibitors to maintain protein integrity.
• Validate staining specificity by comparing signal intensities between tissues known to express high (e.g., liver, placenta) versus low levels of APOD, and include a negative control with pre-immune rabbit IgG.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio is your integrated partner for IVD raw-material procurement, offering validated antibody pairs, optimized polyclonal/monoclonal antibodies, and bulk ancillary reagents to streamline diagnostic development. This anti-APOD polyclonal antibody exemplifies our capability to supply critical tools for lipid metabolism, cardiovascular, and neurological disease research. From concept to clinic, we bridge the gap by sourcing rare-target raw materials and providing technical support, ensuring your project stays on track.