Anti-AK4 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody for WB, IP, ELISA - P27144

Core Product Specifications and Parameters

Biological Background: AK4 Function and Localization

• AK4, also known as adenylate kinase 3-like or GTP:AMP phosphotransferase, is a mitochondrial enzyme encoded by the AK4 gene (GeneID: 205) that belongs to the adenylate kinase family.
• It functions as a broad-specificity mitochondrial nucleoside phosphate kinase, maintaining cellular nucleotide homeostasis by catalyzing nucleoside-phosphate interconversions. Related references: PMID:19073142 PMID:19766732 PMID:23416111
• AK4 preferentially phosphorylates AMP to ADP using ATP as the phosphate donor; it can also use GTP as an alternative phosphate donor for AMP phosphorylation. Related references: PMID:19766732
• In vitro, AK4 exhibits broader substrate specificity, phosphorylating CMP, dAMP, and dCMP, and using GTP as an alternate donor. Related references: PMID:19766732 PMID:23416111
• The enzyme also possesses diphosphate kinase activity, generating ATP, CTP, GTP, UTP, TTP, dATP, dCTP, and dGTP from their corresponding diphosphates. Related references: PMID:23416111
• AK4 plays a critical role in regulating cellular ATP levels by modulating the phosphorylation and activation of the energy sensor AMPK. Related references: PMID:24767988 PMID:26980435
• It has a protective function in the cellular response to oxidative stress, contributing to mitochondrial resilience. Related references: PMID:19130895 PMID:23474458 PMID:26980435
• Subcellularly, AK4 is localized to the mitochondrial matrix, consistent with its role in mitochondrial nucleotide metabolism.
• Tissue expression is highest in kidney, moderate in heart and liver, and low in brain, reflecting its importance in high-energy-demand tissues.

Experimental Guidance and Technical Tips

• The immunogen corresponds to the N-terminal 223 amino acids of human AK4, covering the conserved adenylate kinase domain. This region is highly homologous between human and mouse, supporting the observed cross-reactivity.
• For Western blot (WB) analysis, use tissue lysates from kidney or liver as positive controls. Consider a starting dilution of 1:500-1:2000 and validate with appropriate molecular weight markers (~25 kDa).
• Immunoprecipitation (IP) may benefit from mitochondrial-enriched fractions to increase target abundance. Optimize antibody amount and incubation conditions empirically.
• For ELISA applications, coat with recombinant AK4 protein as standard and titrate the antibody. Pairing with a detection antibody requires careful validation.
• Since AK4 is a mitochondrial matrix protein, consider subcellular fractionation or organelle-specific stains to enhance signal specificity.

CamelBio: Your One-Stop Sourcing Bridge

CamelBio provides a one-stop procurement solution for IVD raw materials, supporting diagnostic manufacturers and researchers from early development to clinical application. This anti-AK4 rabbit polyclonal antibody complements our portfolio of mitochondrial and metabolism-related reagents. In addition to primary antibodies, we offer validated antibody pairs, bulk ancillary reagents, and customized sourcing for rare targets to streamline your assay development and production workflows.